Before Jumping to Conclusions: Distinguishing Wasp Jellyfish from Box Jellyfish in Antigua and Barbuda by Brent Simon
Recent reports of jellyfish stings at Pigeon Point Beach in Antigua have raised public concern, with initial speculation suggesting the presence of Box Jellyfish, one of the most venomous marine species globally. However, experts including Ian Horsford, Antigua and Barbuda’s Chief Fisheries Officer, are urging caution and emphasizing the need to differentiate between the Wasp Jellyfish—a term often used for certain local species—and the deadly Box Jellyfish found in the Indo-Pacific.
The confusion stems from the use of the term “Box Jellyfish”, “Wasp Jellyfish”, or “Sea Wasp” as a common name for various species within the box jellyfish family (Cubozoa), some of which are far more dangerous than others.
Here’s how the two differ:
Geographic Range:
The Indo-Pacific Box Jellyfish or the Australian Box Jellyfish (Chironex fleckeri), infamous for its potent venom, is native to waters in Australia, Southeast Asia, and the Pacific. The Caribbean Box Jellyfish (Tripedalia cystophora) and related species (e.g., Carybdea alata, Tamoya ohboya), often referred to locally as a “Sea Wasp,” are found in the Caribbean and are less venomous.
Venom Potency:
The Indo-Pacific Box Jellyfish or the Australian Box Jellyfish is considered one of the most venomous creatures on Earth, capable of causing cardiac arrest and death within 2 to 5 minutes.
The Caribbean Box Jellyfish and related species can cause painful stings, but their venom are far weaker. In rare cases, allergic reactions to their stings may lead to more severe symptoms.
Behavior and Encounters:
The Indo-Pacific Box Jellyfish is large, fast-swimming, and typically found near estuaries or shallow waters.The Caribbean Box Jellyfish and related species are smaller and tend to inhabit calmer, coastal waters, often going unnoticed unless disturbed.
Mr. Horsford explained that local species, such as the Caribbean Box Jellyfish and related types, are frequently encountered by fishers and coastal workers. In particular, individuals digging for cockles in the “Tom Ben” area west of Five Islands have reported sightings of these jellyfish for years without widespread incidents of harm.
“We need to be careful with terminology. Using the common name “Box Jellyfish” can cause unnecessary alarm,” Horsford emphasized. “Our species, such as the Caribbean Box Jellyfish, are far less dangerous, but this doesn’t mean their stings can’t cause problems—especially for individuals with allergic reactions.”
The initial reports linking these stings to the Indo-Pacific Box Jellyfish have caused public concern and could harm Antigua and Barbuda’s tourism industry. Accurate identification is essential to prevent unnecessary fear while ensuring the public remains cautious about potential risks.
The Sting at Pigeon Point: What We Know
While one swimmer experienced severe symptoms requiring hospitalization, the second victim recovered at home with minor complications. These cases prompted investigations into the species responsible, with experts leaning toward the likelihood of a local species rather than a migratory Indo-Pacific jellyfish.
To manage the situation and restore confidence, the following steps are being taken:
Species Identification: Marine biologists will attempt to collect samples for analysis to confirm the species responsible for the stings.
Public Education: Authorities are working to inform locals and tourists about the difference between the Caribbean Box Jellyfish, related species and the deadly Indo-Pacific Box Jellyfish.
Safety Measures: Lifeguards and resort staff are being trained in first-aid responses for jellyfish stings (if the situation warrants it) and signage will be placed at beaches where these incidents are likely to occur. One can also wear protective clothing such as a wet suit or the lighter skin suit depending on the situation.
First-Aid Recommendations (for informational purposes only):
In the event of a jellyfish sting, Mr. Horsford advises the following steps:
- Rinse the area with vinegar to neutralize venom. Avoid freshwater, which can worsen the reaction.
- Remove tentacles using tweezers or gloved hands.
- Immerse the sting site in hot water (not scalding) for 20–45 minutes to alleviate pain.
- Seek medical attention, particularly if symptoms such as difficulty breathing, swelling, or nausea occur.
If uncertain about your health condition or what stung you, seek medical attention.
The presence of the Caribbean Box Jellyfish and related species, in Antigua and Barbuda’s waters is not a new phenomenon. These species are part of the island’s rich marine biodiversity and rarely pose a severe threat to humans. Nevertheless, the recent incidents highlight the importance of caution, education, and preparedness when interacting with marine life.
As Horsford concluded, “Our waters remain among the safest and most beautiful in the region. While occasional jellyfish encounters are part of the natural marine ecosystem, they do not define the overall safety of our environment.”
By understanding the differences between Caribbean Box Jellyfish and related species and the Indo-Pacific Box Jellyfish, Antigua can address public concerns effectively, ensuring that both residents and visitors continue to enjoy the island’s pristine beaches and vibrant marine life.
Caribbean Box Jellyfish
Indo-Pacific Box Jellyfish
